Gamma correction is a process, which allows you to set the brightness of screen. You can often run into this setting in video games, where you set the brightness of your screen based on an image. This image is usually just an intensity ramp or a logo, for which you set the brightness, so you can just barely see it.
Gamma correction works by changing the values of each pixel individually. Equation by which the values are transformed is, what we call, a power law equation.

Equation looks as following

S represents a certain pixel in the output image. C is a constant, that is commonly set to 1. R represents a pixel in the input image, which is in the same position as S pixel. And finally γ (gamma) exponent is the value we are most interested in, as it is responsible for changing the brightness of our image.
If we set gamma to be less than 1 (e.g. 0.3, 0.5, 0.04), then our output image will appear brighter as before. And in the case we set it to be more than 1 (e.g. 1.5, 2.2, 25), our output image will become darker.

Gamma correction function in C#

private Bitmap GammaCorrection(Bitmap img, double gamma, double c = 1d)
{
    int width = img.Width;
    int height = img.Height;
    BitmapData srcData = img.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height),
        ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
    int bytes = srcData.Stride * srcData.Height;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[bytes];
    byte[] result = new byte[bytes];
    Marshal.Copy(srcData.Scan0, buffer, 0, bytes);
    img.UnlockBits(srcData);
    int current = 0;
    int cChannels = 3;
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
    {
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        {
            current = y * srcData.Stride + x * 4;
            for (int i = 0; i < cChannels; i++)
            {
                double range = (double)buffer[current + i] / 255;
                double correction = c * Math.Pow(range, gamma);
                result[current + i] = (byte)(correction * 255);
            }
            result[current + 3] = 255;
        }
    }
    Bitmap resImg = new Bitmap(width, height);
    BitmapData resData = resImg.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height),
        ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
    Marshal.Copy(result, 0, resData.Scan0, bytes);
    resImg.UnlockBits(resData);
    return resImg;
}

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